Shelley Meier, BSN, RN, CWOCN, is a nurse in the Sheridan Memorial Hospital Wound Care Clinic.
Our skin does a lot of heavy lifting. It protects us from infection, helps regulate temperature and acts as the body’s first line of defense against the world around us. But like the rest of our body, skin changes with age. It becomes thinner, less elastic and often drier. These changes make older adults more vulnerable to wounds, infections and a condition that can have serious health consequences: pressure ulcers.
Pressure ulcers develop when constant pressure reduces blood flow to the skin and underlying tissues. This lack of circulation can damage the skin, leading to painful sores that range from mild redness to deep wounds. The most common places they appear are over bony areas — such as heels, hips, tailbone and elbows.
Prevention is key
The single most important factor in managing pressure ulcers is prevention. Small, daily habits can make all the difference and actions like regular repositioning, skin care and nutrition play a role.
Caring for existing ulcers
Caring for a pressure ulcer requires both local wound management and attention to overall health.
• Relieve pressure: Healing cannot occur if pressure continues on the sore. Use pillows, foam wedges or specialized cushions to keep weight off the affected area. Frequent repositioning — at least every two hours in bed — is vital.
• Clean the wound: Gentle cleansing is the foundation of care. Most ulcers can be cleaned with saline or mild wound cleansers. Harsh antiseptics like hydrogen peroxide or iodine should be avoided unless directed by a healthcare provider, as they can damage healthy tissue.
• Dressings: A clean, moist environment encourages faster healing. Dressings vary depending on the ulcer’s depth and drainage. A nurse or wound specialist can recommend the right choice and help set a schedule for changing them.
• Infection control: Signs of infection include increased redness, swelling, warmth, pus or foul odor. Fever can also be a warning. If infection is suspected, contact a healthcare provider immediately — oral or topical antibiotics may be needed.
• Pain management: Pressure ulcers can be painful, especially during dressing changes. Over-the-counter pain relievers, prescribed medications or topical anesthetics may help improve comfort and tolerance of care.
Support healing from within
The body needs extra support when fighting a wound. Adequate protein, vitamins and hydration strengthen the skin and immune system. For older adults with poor appetite, supplements or dietitian guidance may be beneficial. Good diabetes control and circulation health are also crucial factors.
While prevention is key, if a pressure ulcer does develop, consulting a wound care expert can help ensure a steady path to healing.
To learn more about the Sheridan Memorial Hospital Wound Care Clinic and how we can help you care for and prevent wounds, see sheridanhospital.org/medical-services/wound-care/.